Boronīoron is a chemical element with symbol B and atomic number – number of protons in the nucleus – 5. The elements in the boron group all have three valence electrons (or triels). The Boron Groupīelonging to the Boron Group are the chemical elements in group 13 of the periodic table: boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, and some include nihonium. Industrially, the very pure element is produced with difficulty because of contamination by carbon or other elements that are reputed to resist removal. Boron is a metalloid found in small amounts in meteoroids, but chemically uncombined boron is not otherwise found naturally on Earth. Elemental BoronĮlemental Boron is a low-abundance element in the Solar System and in the Earth’s crust (about 0.001 percent by weight of Earth’s crust). Still, rasorite is the most important source of boron, found in extensive deposits in California, USA, in and around the Mojave Desert. Extensive borax deposits are found in Turkey, which has the largest borax deposits. A Martian meteorite that landed in Antarctica contained significant traces of boron.īoron is an orthoboric acid in some but not all volcanic spring waters and borates in the minerals borax and colemanite. Boron has also landed on our planet from Mars. A June 2014 study found that boron is present in rocks that date back to 3.8 billion years ago. The element stabilizes ribose, part of RNA, the self-assembling molecule that may have preceded DNA. Boron may have been the key to the evolution of life on Earth. Data Series 140, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Version 2011, USGS.HyperPhysics, Georgia State University, Abundance of Elements in Earth's Crust.World Book Encyclopedia, Exploring Earth.U data is pure element required for consumption by current reactor fleet. For many elements like Si, Al, data are ambiguous (many forms produced) and are taken for the pure element. Data for B, K, Ti, Y are given not for the pure element but for the most common oxide, data for Na and Cl are for NaCl. All production numbers are for mines, except for Al, Cd, Fe, Ge, In, N, Se (plants, refineries), S (all forms) and As, Br, Mg, Si (unspecified). ^ Commodity Statistics and Information.^ Abundance of elements in the earth’s crust and in the sea, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 97th edition (2016–2017), p.^ "List of Periodic Table Elements Sorted by Abundance in Earth's crust".Archived from the original on 9 March 2007. Archived from the original on 10 April 2007. ^ David Kring, Composition of Earth's continental crust as inferred from the compositions of impact melt sheets, Lunar and Planetary Science XXVIII."Chemical Composition of the Mantle", Theory of the Earth, pp. Clarke number - lists of historical data and terminology.List of abundance by element Abundance of chemical elements in Earth's (continental) crust, according to various sources The abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated crustal abundance for each chemical element shown as mg/kg, or parts per million (ppm) by mass (10,000 ppm = 1%).Įstimates of elemental abundance are difficult because (a) the composition of the upper and lower crust are quite different, and (b) the composition of the continental crust can vary drastically by locality. Tellurium and selenium are concentrated as sulfides in the core and have also been depleted by preaccretional sorting in the nebula that caused them to form volatile hydrogen selenide and hydrogen telluride. These have been depleted by being relocated deeper into the Earth's core. The rarest elements in the crust (shown in yellow) are not the heaviest, but are rather the siderophile (iron-loving) elements in the Goldschmidt classification of elements. Abundance (atom fraction) of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust as a function of atomic number.
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